The “classics” were forged in medieval times
In school my impressionable young mind was taught that Ancient Greece was the cradle of civilization, democracy and higher philosophy. What we know about Ancient Greece comes from the classics or “Greek authors” Homer, Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. But there is no evidence that these names or authors even existed before medieval times. They could just as well be fictional characters made up by “Renaissance” or “Byzantine” authors.
We are told that a guy named Homer authored the works “Iliad” and “Odyssey” but there is no manuscript evidence of his works before medieval times.
Homer’s Odyssey is the most famous of the classics was supposed to have been written 500 to 750 BC, more than 2500 years ago. But there are no remains, inscriptions, tablets, papyri or even proper references proving that. I quote from Wikipedia:
The Odyssey was originally composed in Homeric Greek in around the 8th or 7th century BC and, by the mid-6th century BC, had become part of the Greek literary canon. In antiquity, Homer’s authorship of the poem was not questioned, but contemporary scholarship predominantly assumes that the Iliad and the Odyssey were composed independently and that the stories formed as part of a long oral tradition.
None of these statements can be proven. It’s just a guess. We are told his works were composed as part of an earlier tradition, apparently predating Homer – a statement that shows they really don’t know who created these stories.
The first English translation of the Odyssey was in the 16th century.
Most of the classics magically appeared thousands of years after they were supposedly written. Quote continued, bolding mine:
The date of the poem is a matter of some disagreement among classicists. In the middle of the 8th century BC, the inhabitants of Greece began to adopt a modified version of the Phoenician alphabet to write down their own language.[47] The Homeric poems may have been one of the earliest products of that literacy, and if so, would have been composed some time in the late 8th century BC.[48]
Isn’t this remarkable? An admission that we have no proof that these Greek classics were created thousands of years ago. And yet, at Universities, the classics are taken as Gospel.
Inscribed on a clay cup found in Ischia, Italy, are the words “Nestor’s cup, good to drink from.”[49] Some scholars, such as Calvert Watkins, have tied this cup to a description of King Nestor’s golden cup in the Iliad.[50] If the cup is an allusion to the Iliad, that poem’s composition can be dated to at least 700–750 BC.[47]
That’s assuming that pottery dating methods are reliable (over which I also have my doubts). A cup dug up somewhere in Italy with the name Nestor on it, is the best you got? This is like me digging up a coffee cup in my back yard with the name “Diana” on it and using it as proof that Lady Di visited my house in the past.
The Iliad and the Odyssey were widely copied and used as school texts in lands where the Greek language was spoken throughout antiquity.[54][55]
There’s no proof for this, you’re supposed to take it at face value.
Scholars may have begun to write commentaries on the poems as early as the time of Aristotle in the 4th century BC.[54] In the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC, scholars affiliated with the Library of Alexandria—particularly Zenodotus and Aristarchus of Samothrace—edited the Homeric poems, wrote commentaries on them, and helped establish the canonical texts.[56]
“May have”?
The Iliad and the Odyssey remained widely studied and used as school texts in the Byzantine Empire during the Middle Ages.[54][55] The Byzantine Greek scholar and archbishop Eustathios of Thessalonike (c. 1115 – c. 1195/6 AD) wrote exhaustive commentaries on both of the Homeric epics that became seen by later generations as authoritative;[54][55]
What this is really saying is that Homer’s Epics can be traced back to the year 1115 at best.
his commentary on the Odyssey alone spans nearly 2,000 oversized pages in a twentieth-century edition.[54] The first printed edition of the Odyssey, known as the editio princeps, was produced in 1488 by the Greek scholar Demetrios Chalkokondyles, who had been born in Athens and had studied in Constantinople.[54][55] His edition was printed in Milan by a Greek printer named Antonios Damilas.[55]
Since the late 19th century, many papyri containing fragments of the Odyssey have been found in Egypt, some with content different from later medieval versions.[57] In 2018, the Greek Cultural Ministry revealed the discovery of a clay tablet near the Temple of Zeus at Olympia, containing 13 verses from the Odyssey‘s 14th book. While it was initially reported to date from the 3rd century AD, the date is unconfirmed.
After thousands of years, mysterious papyri show up confirming the neatly constructed narratives. The clay tablet is right at the Temple of Zeus, but you know, for 2000 years nobody found it or knew about it.
The first book version came out in 1488 and was dedicated to Lorenzo d’Medici. On the author’s page you in fact learn that the writing of the book was sponsored by the Medici family, the largest banking dynasty the world has ever seen.
The very, very oldest surviving fragments of the Odyssey were found in in Egypt and dated on the 3rd Century. They were “discovered” well-preserved after being hidden for more than 1700 years!
The evidence for an ancient authorship of the Odyssey is flaky, so let’s look at the other Classics”.
From the Wikipedia page on the Aeneid (bolding mine):
The Aeneid (/ɪˈniːɪd/ ih-NEE-id; Latin: Aenē̆is [ae̯ˈneːɪs] or [ˈae̯neɪs]) is a Latin epic poem that tells the legendary story of Aeneas, a Trojan who fled the fall of Troy and travelled to Italy, where he became the ancestor of the Romans. Written by the Roman poet Virgil between 29 and 19 BC, the Aeneid comprises 9,896 lines in dactylic hexameter.[1] The first six of the poem’s twelve books tell the story of Aeneas’ wanderings from Troy to Italy, and the poem’s second half tells of the Trojans’ ultimately victorious war upon the Latins, under whose name Aeneas and his Trojan followers are destined to be subsumed.
Much of what “we know” about Roman History is from this author. What do we know about when the book was authored?
According to tradition, Virgil traveled to Greece around 19 BC to revise the Aeneid. After meeting Augustus in Athens and deciding to return home, Virgil caught a fever while visiting a town near Megara. Virgil crossed to Italy by ship, weakened with disease, and died in Brundisium harbour on 21 September 19 BC, leaving a wish that the manuscript of the Aeneid was to be burned. Augustus ordered Virgil’s literary executors, Lucius Varius Rufus and Plotius Tucca, to disregard that wish, instead ordering the Aeneid to be published with as few editorial changes as possible.
This is interesting. It’s not according to archaeological or historical evidence, but according to tradition.
I asked Grok AI “What evidence is there that Aeneid was written in 19 BC? To which I got a long answer that can be summarized in “there is no evidence”. I quote:
The evidence supporting the publication date of Virgil’s “Aeneid” around 19 BC primarily comes from historical and literary analysis rather than direct documentary evidence from the time.
While no original manuscript from Virgil’s time exists, the transmission of the text through the centuries, along with comments from ancient scholars like Servius (a 4th-century commentator on Virgil), supports the idea that the “Aeneid” was known and circulated shortly after Virgil’s death.
So a commentary of Servius in the 4th Century is evidence for Aeneid being written earlier? OK. Fair enough. So I asked Grok AI “What evidence is there that Servius existed?”
Interestingly one of the main pieces of evidence that King Servius is existed is that he commented on Aeneid. See how this game works?
The AI response also says this:
Stories about Servius, like his divine origin (his mother, Ocrisia, was said to have been impregnated by a god or a lar), his miraculous childhood, and his rise from a humble or servile origin to kingship, blend myth with history. These narratives, while not historical evidence in the modern sense, indicate a cultural memory of such a figure.
OK, but what about Aristotle? Texts attributed to a guy named Aristotle are filled with inconsistencies called “transcription errors” by Historians. There are hundreds of them so that it’s no longer clear what this Aristotle did or didn’t write. The complete lack of original manuscripts allowed “Renaissance” authors to make up whatever they fancied.
There is no evidence that these monumental events of “History” existed: The Trojan War, the Greco-Persian Wars and the Pelponnesian War. They are hearsay and the hearsay originated in medieval times. This is why Wikipedia says this about the Trojan War:
The Trojan War was a legendary conflict in Greek mythology that took place around the twelfth or thirteenth century BC.
Scholars selectively declare some mythology fictitious while defining other mythologies historical. If it includes high-tech aircraft and weaponry, then it’s “fictitious”. But if it’s just a regular war fought with spears, then it’s “historical”.
We know about the Greco-Persian wars primarily through the Historian Herodotus. Yes, the Historian of which modern scholars selectively claim some stuff is “fictitious” but some isn’t. Who gets to decide? There is plenty of evidence for wars but very little evidence of when these happened or what their purpose was.
This is called the “Aqueduct of Loukous”:
By the looks of this object and hundreds of others, you can tell that the region fell victim to the same kind of building-melting weaponry that was applied all over the world. But because ancient stories about airships shooting fire are labeled “fiction” by our cretinous “authorities”, reality remains unacknowledged.
I asked Grok AI what the BEST evidence of the Pelponnesian War is and got this response:
In reality we know almost nothing about our ancient History. It should alarm you that we can barely trace History back a few hundred years and no absolutely nothing about anything before that.
Greek History was crafted to cover up what really happened and legitimize the colonial ambitions of European colonialists. The supposed Greek texts were written on scarce materials like parchment or vellum to appear aged or ancient even though these weren’t widely used in the 14-1600s. The majority of “Greek texts” were “discovered” in the 1400s, primarily through Byzantine (read: Greek) scholars fleeing to Italy after 1453. They didn’t bring these texts from Greece, they “discovered” them in Italy.
“Greece” according to its Neighbors
Today Greece is said to have an unbroken lineage dating back thousands of years. Nevermind that some older Macedonian and Bulgarian historians claim parts of this culture for themselves.
Nevermind that some of the ancient sites now called “Greek” used to be attributed to Hittites, Phrygians, Minoans or Lydians.
I guess this is where we get the saying “It’s all Greek to me”.
There are no inscriptions, statues or architecture that show a gradual development into an ancient Greek civilization. There are no early Greek records that detail how it all came to be. And there is not a single verifiable Greek artifact that predates the 10th Century. And there is no real difference between “Roman” and “Greek” architecture. That’s why, in old Hebrew literature, “Greeks” were named Ionia Yavan. This referred to people living in Italy, Greece, Macedonia, Bulgaria and Albania. The Hebrews made no distinction between Romans and Greeks. The Book of Genesis describes Yavan as belonging to the tribe of Japeth, one of Noah’s three sons.
Some say Greece was Albanian-speaking before the 1800s and that Greek was introduced and spread in the late 1800s. There are still old people in Greek villages who are fluent in Albanian and claim that the Greek land is “their land” and that the topic is taboo and suppressed in the media. 1800s Greece saw enormous battles, resettlement of entire populations, the establishment of secret societys, towns with suddenly exploding populations, orphan relocations and demolished buildings.
Unsurprisingly, there are also Slavic and Turkish claims to parts of Greece. It seems the creation of Greece caused quite a stir.
The modern state of Greece began as a result of the “French Revolutionary Wars” in 1830, I read on Wikipedia. Really? Well, in that case let’s stop calling it the “French” Revolution because this was a worldwide revolution.
Maps from the 1600s prove the elderly locals right. Look closely and you’ll find “Greece” called Albania, Macedonia, Achaia, etc. There is no mention of “Greece”.
Greece is a creation of the 1800s
And then there’s the problem of places Historians say existed for thousands of years, that only began a few hundred years ago. Like Santorini, which is absent on old maps. Here’s a link to an article on the subject for those who wish to dive deeper: Santorini was created 350 years ago, not 1600 years ago.
And the problem of legendary Greek cities said to have existed and faded away thousands of years ago, still existing until the 19th Century, such as our legendary “Troy”. The linked article proves that Troy was alive and well on maps and in reports of the 1600s to 1800s: The History of Troy debunked.
And then there’s the problem of Greek and Turkish cities being renamed in the 1800 and 1900s. A few examples of this deception can be found in this article: Renamed cities of Turkey
And then there’s the problem of Greek and Roman cities having fallen much more recently, according to local accounts and histories as well as medieval maps. One such example of this can be found here: Pompei and Helice destroyed in the 1600s.
And then there’s the problem of places that are supposed to have been destroyed thousands of years ago still being present on maps in the 1600s and 1700s. Just one example of this: The long wall of Athens.
The problems disappear when we identify the one real problem: The “authorities” making up stories out of thin air.
Disappearing Domes
And then there’s the fascinating fact of famous archaeological sites looking much different just one hundred to two hundred years ago, with structures either disappearing or being added.
This is an 1801 drawing of the Athens Acropolis by William Gell, found at the British Museum website.
The oldest photo of the Acropolis is from 1839, taken at the eve of modern photography. We are lucky to have photos this old.
This is what it looks like today:
There is no trace of the Domed buildings.
Why? My guess: Domed structures remind people of mosques and churches and have no place in the “ancient Greece” narrative. So they were demolished. Stuff that fit the false narrative was preserved. But why would they go to such lengths to deceive? Isn’t there a more rational explanation for these Domes missing? There may be, but I haven’t found it. I’ve toured the place and the folks there made no mention at all of the Domes that once stood there.
On Wikipedia, the “timeline of Athens” begins in 630 BC, omitting thousands of years before. In Wikipedia clown-world, more appears to have happened in the 400 B.C.s compared to only three notable events between year zero and year 1000. Can you imagine? One of the biggest cities in the world only had three notable events in a thousand years! And all three events are about the city being sacked. It was sacked in 88, in 396 and in 582.
Can you see why alt-History researchers say that 1000 years were artificially added to our timeline?
The timeline again picks up in 1146 where the city was again – you guessed it – sacked. And then, for the next 500 years we again only have four events. Less than one notable event every 100 years! In 1311 the Aragonese conquered the city. I’m sure they also sacked it. 1456 Athens was conquered (and no doubt “sacked”) by the Ottomans. In 1687 it was besieged (and surely “sacked”) by the Venetians. In 1500 years of Athenian History that leaves us with only one non-war event in 1204.
This is how you know that these Chronologies are made up. A real people with a real culture are not solely defined by when they were “sacked”.
Here’s a more blatant example of fake Chronology, outside of the Greek Context.
From the 1686 Book “Kalendarium Pennsylvaniense”. This is around the time they started creating this fake Chronology that we still use today. But in those days the history-fakers were still teaching the people that London was built thousands of years ago, before Rome and Solomon’s Temple were built!
Later they removed the London thing because it sounded a little too weird.
Fake Ephesus
A photo of the archaeological site of Ephesus in Turkey, an “ancient Greek city” which was supposed to be the second largest city on Earth at one point. Today it’s a small collection of broken buildings strewn in the landscape. But the ruins appear not to be ancient, instead built recently in an effort to fool tourists and historians. Even here you can see that pillars were placed and rocks were stacked in modern times, with no relation to how they might have been placed in bygone days.
The large building in the background is the “world famous” Celsus Library, one of the great “marvels” of “ancient Greece. How unfortunate that it didn’t exist over a hundred years ago!
This 1903 photo of the spot where we’d expect to find the Celsus Library. There is nothing there except rubble, a group of workers and train tracks to deliver the stones with which to erect the fake ruin. The practice of putting ruins where there were none is excused as “restoration”. Tourists aren’t told they are looking at a building set up at the time of their great grandmother, not thousands of years ago.
If you look closely you’ll even see drill-holes on some of the rocks.
This is Ephesus in 1900, before it was constructed:
Barely anything there until the “excavators” came. But were they in fact excavators, or were they builders?
Medieval maps show Ephesus alive and well just a few hundred years ago, as seen on this 15th Century map of Turkey (bottom left). It’s size looks similar to Constantinople (today’s Istanbul).
But Historians, Wikipedia and Info Panels for Tourists explain that Ephesus fell thousands of years ago. Why? Because it’s all a scam.
My guess is that it was destroyed in the 16 to 1700s, just like Pompei and other famous places of “antiquity”. Then, around 1900 they decided to craft a few fake buildings that were made to look like “ancient Greece”, minus Domes and Church Steeples (as you see on the map).
I have compassion with the people who dedicate their entire lives, their time, their savings to the study of “classical antiquity”. There is no doubt in my mind that this “field of study” will be shut down at some time in the future.